A Review on “Partial Replacement of Cement and Fine Aggregate in Concrete by Industrial and Agricultural by Products”

Abstract

There is a huge demand for natural resources due to the disposal problem and rapid urbanization in developed countries. This created the possibility for the use of agricultural and industrial waste in the construction field. There are different types of agricultural and industrial wastes already in use as replacements for cement and fine aggregate in concrete mixture. The literature on agricultural and industrial wastes as partial substitutes for cement, fine aggregate, and cement-fine aggregate combinations was reviewed in this study. Fresh and hardened properties of concrete were reviewed. The durability, chloride attack and elastic modulus of replacement concrete were reviewed and compared with conventional concrete. The replacements like tobacco waste, granite powder, steel shot dust, prosopis juliflora ash (mesquite ash) have shown better workability and higher strength, whereas chloride attack was resisted by tobacco waste ash. Relations among compressive strength, tensile strength and flexural strength were predicted for the conventional and replacement concrete. After the thorough literature review, it can be concluded that, more research has to be done on cement, fine aggregate, and cement-fine aggregate combination replacing with the agricultural and industrial wastes. From this study, these available materials can be utilized as replacements in concrete and it can be eco-friendly. The microstructural properties like SEM analysis and X-Ray Diffraction can also be studied in further investigations.