High Index Low Loss Lithium Niobate Double Exchanged Waveguides
Abstract
An effective technique for fabricating high index Lithium Niobate waveguides using a two-proton exchange procedure (Double Exchange (DE)) with minimal loss at the same wavelength (ne=0.12) has been devised. We show that the DE technique may be combined with titanium in diffusion (TIDE) to produce high-quality guides supporting transmission and transfer modes for phase-matched applications. This is beneficial in both parallel and serial applications.
The PE waveguide construction process for lithium niobate has sparked substantial interest due to the high value of exceptional index rise ne. The commonly accepted values for the losses were between 2.4 and 4 dB/cm at 632.8 nm. Even still, the issue of a disproportionately high loss has yet to be addressed. This study investigated a proposed two-step fabrication method for creating waveguides with high ne, low loss, and low inter-mode coupling (IMC). Proton exchange (PE) is organized in both procedures using a 300oC sealed tube.
