An Exploratory Review on Protocols Based on Topology Routing for Energy Efficiency in Wireless Sensor Network

Abstract

Wireless-Sensor-Networks "WSNs" are dispersed systems of sensors that can detect, analyze, and interact. They are rapidly being employed in areas such as architecture, medicine, and the ecosystem to autonomously screen distant places at minimal expense. In those kinds of networks, nodes or sensors were involved with 4 primary jobs: Data-Aggregation, Data Transmission, Data Reception, and Data-Processing. It thus means systems should make efficient use of their facilities, such as storage, processing capacity, and, most significantly, energies, to extend their lifespan and efficiency. In contributing to energy harvesting, one of its major difficulties of utilizing WSNs in real-world deployments is to increase the lifespan of nodes within the network by reducing their energy usage. As a result of this problem, during the past couple of decades, there were also increased attempts to reduce energy usage through the use of innovative models and approaches. Hence, an Energy-Efficient route is required in need to conserve energy and extend the lifespan of WSNs. A multitude of protocols supporting energy-efficient route discovery in WSNs has already been developed. This research study contains an in-depth and up-to-date analysis of topological protocols for energy efficiency. In each area, the traditional and contemporary protocols are classified, and the opportunities and challenges of each protocol have been addressed. Finally, research directions issues are identified, and conclusions are made.